Freshwater and estuarine management in Aotearoa New Zealand requires an integrated approach to monitoring “ki uta ki tai” (from mountains to sea). This report provides options to support monitoring of freshwater‑estuarine linkages based on best practice in a New Zealand context, using a two-tiered approach. Tier-1 options are predominantly based on existing data and state of the environment (SOE) monitoring networks, specifically the National Estuary Monitoring Protocol (and similar methods). Tier-2 options require dedicated resources and funding as well as typical SOE monitoring to conduct catchment‑wide assessments.
Freshwater and estuarine management in Aotearoa New Zealand requires an integrated approach to monitoring “ki uta ki tai” (from mountains to sea). This report provides options to support monitoring of freshwater‑estuarine linkages based on best practice in a New Zealand context, using a two-tiered approach. Tier-1 options are predominantly based on existing data and state of the environment (SOE) monitoring networks, specifically the National Estuary Monitoring Protocol (and similar methods). Tier-2 options require dedicated resources and funding as well as typical SOE monitoring to conduct catchment‑wide assessments.