Our Marine Environment 2025

• Our Marine Environment 2025 report

The report highlights how climate change and human activity are putting increasing pressure on our coasts and the ocean - affecting communities, industries, and ecosystems across the country.

It draws on a wide body of evidence, including:

• peer‑reviewed research
• government reports
• mātauranga Māori
• official statistics.

It was independently reviewed by subject‑matter experts to ensure the findings are robust and reliable.

“For many people, the sea is part of daily life – whether through work, recreation or cultural connection. This report brings together the best available evidence to show how that environment is changing, and why it matters,” says Alison Collins, Chief Science Advisor at the Ministry for the Environment.

“Continuity in environmental reporting is essential. It allows us to track trends over time, identify emerging risks, and make informed decisions because we know the challenges and can build resilience for the future."

• 219,000 homes are already in flood-prone areas, representing $180 billion in assets.
• By 2060, 1,300 coastal homes could face major damage from extreme events.
• Warming seas and ocean acidification are affecting fisheries and aquaculture, which contribute $1.1 billion directly to GDP, an additional $1.1 billion indirectly by stimulating the non-marine economy, and support more than 14,000 jobs.
• By 2022, 428 non-native marine species had entered New Zealand waters, with 266 establishing populations.
• In 2023, approximately 219,000 residential properties were in coastal inundation and inland flood zones, representing $180 billion in assets.
• Wetlands, dunes, and native vegetation that help buffer against flooding and erosion are being degraded or replaced.

Colins says “The reports help us track trends, identify emerging risks and plan ahead. That’s how we protect what matters now and keep options open for future generations.”

Our Marine Environment: The stories behind the numbers, the companion document, has case studies that show how we can get behind nature-based solutions to protect our coastal areas and ecosystems, build resilience and adapt to changing conditions 
Auckland Council is working with iwi, hapū, communities, and industries to future proof Auckland’s coastline.

The Cawthron Institute, is developing climate-resilient breeding strategies to help our finfish aquaculture industry adapt to marine heatwaves and other climate influences.

Local government, iwi, landowners and the community are working together to restore the health of our largest harbour in the Kaipara Moana restoration project.

New Zealand is an island nation, and a significant portion of our population
lives near the coast. Our marine environment supports our economy, our way of life, and our connection to nature. Understanding how it’s changing is essential to protecting it for future generations.

The report provides the evidence base needed to guide policy, investment, and community action. It reflects the Ministry's commitment to using all forms of knowledge to protect Te Taiao and support resilient communities.