Te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana a Aotearoa 1990-2020 He whakarāpopoto
E whakarāpopoto ana tēnei hoahoa i te Rārangi hou (i tukua ai ki te UNFCC i te Āperira o te tau 2022) e whai ana i ngā raraunga i kohia mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020.
E whakarāpopoto ana tēnei hoahoa i te Rārangi hou (i tukua ai ki te UNFCC i te Āperira o te tau 2022) e whai ana i ngā raraunga i kohia mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020.
Ko Te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana te whakatau tata ā-tau e ōkawa ana mō ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga haurehu kati mahana nā te tangata i whakaputa i Aotearoa. He whakarāpopoto tēnei i te Rārangi hou, e aro ana ki ngā tau mai i te 1990 ki te 2020.
Ko tā te Rārangi nei, he ine i te anga whakamua a Aotearoa i raro i ngā herenga kei roto i te Kawenata ā-Anga mō te Āhuarangi Hurihuri a te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao (UNFCCC) me te Kawa o Kyoto. E ū ana te Rārangi nei ki ngā aratohu pūrongo a te UNFCCC me ngā aratohu tikanga rangahau ā-ao i whakatakotoria ai e te Pae Kōrero ā-Kāwanatanga i te Āhuarangi Hurihuri. E aro ana te Rārangi nei ki ngā tukunga mai i ngā rāngai e rima (arā, i te Ahuwhenua, i te Pūngao, i te Tukanga Ahumahi me te Whakamahinga Hua (IPPU), i te Para me te Whakamahinga Whenua, i te Panonitanga Whakamahinga Whenua me te Mahinga Ngahere (LULUCF)), tae atu ki ētahi atu mōhiohio me whakaatu i raro i te Kawa o Kyoto. E whai wāhi mai ana hoki ngā tukunga i Tokelau.
Ko Te Manatū mō te Taiao te tari whakahaere kua riro māna e whakaputa te Rārangi nei, engari kua mahi ngātahi ngā tari kāwanatanga ki te whakarite, ki te whakahiato hoki i te Rārangi nei. Ka tukuna te pūrongo mō te Rārangi i tōna tekau mā rima marama i muri mai i te pūrongo o te paunga o te tau ā-wākata kia nui ai te wā ki te kohikohi, ki te whakatūturu, ki te whakatikatika me te arotake i ngā raraunga.
Ko te Rārangi te pūtake whaimana o ngā taunakitanga mō ngā ahunga tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa.
Whakamahia ai ngā raraunga o te Rārangi a Aotearoa i ngā pūrongo ā-motu me ngā pūrongo ā-ao. Ka ārahi te Rārangi nei i ngā tūtohunga kaupapa here o Aotearoa mō te āhuarangi hurihuri, ā, mā tēnei hoki e aroturukihia ai te anga whakamua ki ngā whāinga whakaiti tukunga.
Ko te hauhā, ko te mewaro, ko te hauota-rua ōkai me ngā haurehu pūkōwhai ngā haurehu kati mahana e tirohia ana i te Rārangi nei.
Tātaihia anō ai ngā whakatau tata mō te Rārangi i ia tau
E rite tonu ana te whakapaitia ake o te Rārangi nei. Ka tātaihia anō te raupapa ā-wā mō te Rārangi katoa, mai anō i te tau tīmatanga (1990) ki te tau kātahi anō ka taha ake, kia panonihia te tikanga rangahau, ngā raraunga tūāpapa rānei. Nō reira, ko ngā whakatau tata mō ngā tukunga i te Rārangi hou anahe e tika ana, ā, kāore e whaitake ana ngā rārangi o mua i roto i ngā whakatauritenga. E hāngai nui ana ngā panonitanga ki te Rārangi ki ngā whakapai ake i te kohinga raraunga mahi, i ngā āhuatanga tukunga, i ngā tikanga rangahau, i te tautuhinga rānei o ētahi atu pūtake tukunga.
Ngā whakapai ā-tikanga rangahau
Kua whakaputa mātou i ētahi mōhiohio mō ngā whakapai ake i ngā tikanga rangahau matua kua oti te whakamahere e whakaurua ana ki te Rārangi me te whakapae i te pānga o ērā ki ngā tukunga.
Mā te Rārangi e mārama ai tātou ki te āhua o tā tātou anga whakamua ki ngā whāinga whakaiti tukunga
Kei roto i te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana a Aotearoa 1990-2020 ngā raraunga mō te āhua o tā tātou ū ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga whakaiti tukunga mō te tau 2013 ki te tau 2020 i raro i te UNFCC. Kia oti te arotake, ka whakaū te Rārangi o te tau 2022 i ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga mō te roanga o taua wā i whāia ai.
Hoahoa 1: He tātaritanga mō ngā tukunga tapeke haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa i roto i ngā rāngai me te āhua o te momo haurehu i te tau 2020
Figure 1 is a horizontal bar graph showing a breakdown of New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector and gas type in 2020. Emissions and gases are represented in percentages.
It shows that:
- the IPPU sector was responsible for 6 per cent of gross emissions
- the Energy sector was responsible for 40 per cent of gross emissions, with sub-categories of transport, other energy, and electricity making up 17 per cent, 17 per cent, and 6 per cent of gross emissions respectively
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4 per cent of gross emissions
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50 per cent of gross emissions
- the emissions contribution from Tokelau was too small to be included in the figure.
Clouds are used to represent the breakdown of greenhouse gases by type in 2020 .
It shows that:
- synthetic greenhouse gases entirely from the IPPU sector made up 2 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions
- carbon dioxide (CO2) made up 44 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Energy sector
- methane (CH4) made up 44 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Waste and Agriculture sectors
- nitrous oxide (N2O) made up 11 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Agriculture sector.
Figure 1 is a horizontal bar graph showing a breakdown of New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector and gas type in 2020. Emissions and gases are represented in percentages.
It shows that:
- the IPPU sector was responsible for 6 per cent of gross emissions
- the Energy sector was responsible for 40 per cent of gross emissions, with sub-categories of transport, other energy, and electricity making up 17 per cent, 17 per cent, and 6 per cent of gross emissions respectively
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4 per cent of gross emissions
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50 per cent of gross emissions
- the emissions contribution from Tokelau was too small to be included in the figure.
Clouds are used to represent the breakdown of greenhouse gases by type in 2020 .
It shows that:
- synthetic greenhouse gases entirely from the IPPU sector made up 2 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions
- carbon dioxide (CO2) made up 44 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Energy sector
- methane (CH4) made up 44 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Waste and Agriculture sectors
- nitrous oxide (N2O) made up 11 per cent of gross greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from the Agriculture sector.
I te tau 2020
- I te tau 2020, e 78.8 miriona tana hauhā ōrite (Mt CO2-e) te nui o ngā tukunga tapeke haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa.
- E 44 ōrau te nui o te hauhā, e 44 ōrau te nui o te mewaro, 11 ōrau te nui o te hauota-rua ōkai, ā, e 2 ōrau te nui o ngā haurehu pūkōwhai i roto i ngā tukunga tapeke o te tau 2020.1
- Ko te rāngai Ahuwhenua me te rāngai Pūngao ngā rāngai i nui katoa tā rāua whai wāhi ki ngā tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa i te tau 2020, e 50 ōrau ki tēnā, e 40 ōrau ki tēnā rāngai.
- E 55.5 Mt CO₂-e te nui o ngā tukunga tōpū o Aotearoa i te tau 2020.
- I whakakore te rāngai Whakamahi Whenua, Panonitanga Whakamahinga Whenua me te Mahinga Ngahere (LULUCF) i tētahi 30 ōrau (23.3 Mt CO2-e) o ngā tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa i te tau 2020.
Ngā tukunga tapeke mai i te tau 1990
- I waenga i te tau 1990 me te tau 2020, e 21 ōrau (13.6 Mt CO2-e) te pikinga o ngā tukunga tapeke. I pēnei ai, nā te pikinga o te mewaro i te nui haere o ngā kau miraka me te pikinga o te hauhā mai i te tūnuku ā-rori
- I te rāngai Para anahe te hekenga kotahi o ngā tukunga tapeke katoa, ā, 17 ōrau (0.7 Mt CO2-e) te hekenga nā ngā whakapai ki te whakahaerenga o ngā ruapara.
Ngā tukunga tōpū mai i te tau 1990
- I waenga i te tau 1990 me te tau 2020, e 26 ōrau (11.5 Mt CO2-e) te pikinga o ngā tukunga tōpū nā te pikinga tonu o ngā tukunga tapeke.
- Mai i te tau 1990, 10 ōrau (2.1 Mt CO2-e) te pikinga o ngā whakakorenga tukunga tōpū mai i te rāngai LULUCF, nā te pikinga o te whakaputanga o ngā huanga rākau kua oti te tua.
Ngā ahunga i waenganui i te tau 2019 me te tau 2020
- E 3 ōrau te hekenga o ngā tukunga tapeke (2.8 Mt CO2-e).
- E 5 ōrau te hekenga o ngā tukunga tōpū (3.1 Mt CO2-e)
- I puta ai ēnei panonitanga e rua, nā te hekenga o te whakamahinga o ngā kōhinu i ngā tūnuku ā-rori, i ngā ahumahi whakanao, i ngā hanganui me ngā rererangi ā-motu i roto i ngā here o te mate KOWHEORI-19.
Ētahi atu pānga mai i ngā here o te mate KOWHEORI-19
- Kua iti ake ngā tukunga i te rāngai IPPU i roto ngā here o te mate KOWHEORI-19 nā te katinga o ngā papamahi me te iti haere o te whakaputanga, tae atu ki ngā hekenga o ngā tukunga mai i ngā haringa hautaonga mā runga kaipuke i Tokelau.
- Ahakoa i piki ngā whakakorenga tukunga katoa o LULUCF, i heke anō hoki ērā i te wāhanga ki ngā huanga rākau kua oti te tua nā te mea i iti haere ngā whakaputanga nā whakapōrearea i ngā tukanga.
- Kāore he pānga nui ki te rāngai Ahuwhenua me te Para nā ngā here o te mate KOWHEORI-19.
1Kāore pea ngā ōrau e piki ki te 100 nā te whakaawhiwhi.
Hoahoa 2: Ngā haurehu kati mahana i te tau 2020 e wehea ana ki ngā rāngai, ngā wāhanga iti me ngā momo haurehu
Figure 2 is a nested pie chart showing a breakdown of New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector, sub-category and gas type in 2020. Emissions and gases are represented in percentages. The inner pie chart shows that:
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50.0 per cent of gross emissions
- the Energy sector was responsible for 39.9 per cent of gross emissions
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector was responsible for 5.9 per cent of gross emissions
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4.1 per cent of gross emissions
- the emissions contribution from Tokelau was too small to be included in the figure
The outer pie chart shows that:
- in the Agriculture sector, dairy cattle made up 23.5 per cent of gross emissions. Sheep made up 11.8 per cent, and beef cattle made up 9.0 per cent of gross emissions. 5.8 per cent of gross emissions from the Agriculture sector came from other sources
- within the Energy sector, transport made up 16.7 per cent of gross emissions. Manufacturing and construction made up 8.5 per cent, electricity generation made up 5.9 per cent, and fugitive emissions made up 1.7 per cent of gross emissions. Other energy sources made up 7.3 per cent of gross emissions.
An external ring extends from the Agriculture section of the outer pie chart. This ring describes the greenhouse gas type attributed to Agriculture sub-categories.
It shows that:
- 19.6 per cent of gross emissions were methane from dairy cattle, and 3.9 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from dairy cattle
- 10.6 per cent of gross emissions were methane from sheep, and 1.2 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from sheep
- 7.7 per cent of gross emissions were methane from beef cattle, and 1.3 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from beef cattle
A separate external ring extends from the Energy section of the outer pie chart. This ring divides the sub-category of transport. It shows that:
- road transport made up 15.3 per cent of gross emissions
- 5 per cent of gross emissions came from other transport sources in the Energy sector.
Figure 2 is a nested pie chart showing a breakdown of New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector, sub-category and gas type in 2020. Emissions and gases are represented in percentages. The inner pie chart shows that:
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50.0 per cent of gross emissions
- the Energy sector was responsible for 39.9 per cent of gross emissions
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector was responsible for 5.9 per cent of gross emissions
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4.1 per cent of gross emissions
- the emissions contribution from Tokelau was too small to be included in the figure
The outer pie chart shows that:
- in the Agriculture sector, dairy cattle made up 23.5 per cent of gross emissions. Sheep made up 11.8 per cent, and beef cattle made up 9.0 per cent of gross emissions. 5.8 per cent of gross emissions from the Agriculture sector came from other sources
- within the Energy sector, transport made up 16.7 per cent of gross emissions. Manufacturing and construction made up 8.5 per cent, electricity generation made up 5.9 per cent, and fugitive emissions made up 1.7 per cent of gross emissions. Other energy sources made up 7.3 per cent of gross emissions.
An external ring extends from the Agriculture section of the outer pie chart. This ring describes the greenhouse gas type attributed to Agriculture sub-categories.
It shows that:
- 19.6 per cent of gross emissions were methane from dairy cattle, and 3.9 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from dairy cattle
- 10.6 per cent of gross emissions were methane from sheep, and 1.2 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from sheep
- 7.7 per cent of gross emissions were methane from beef cattle, and 1.3 per cent of gross emissions were nitrous oxide from beef cattle
A separate external ring extends from the Energy section of the outer pie chart. This ring divides the sub-category of transport. It shows that:
- road transport made up 15.3 per cent of gross emissions
- 5 per cent of gross emissions came from other transport sources in the Energy sector.
E whakaatuhia mai ana ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa i te tau 2020 i ia rāngai i te Hoahoa 3. He whenua whakawhirinaki a Tokelau kei tāwāhi. Kei te takoto ngā kōrero mō ngā tukunga katoa mai i Tokelau i te rāngai e kīia ana ko Ētahi atu i roto i te Rārangi.
Hoahoa 3: He tātaritanga mō ngā tukunga o Aotearoa (ki ngā tana miriona o te hauhā ōrite, Mt CO2-e) i ia rāngai i te tau 2020.
Figure 3 is a horizontal bar graph that shows a breakdown of New Zealand’s GHG emissions by sector in 2020. Emissions are represented in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. It shows that:
- the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector offset 30 per cent of gross emissions, with net removals of 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Energy sector was responsible for 40 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector was responsible for 6 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 3.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- Tokelau was responsible for 0.005 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 0.004 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
Figure 3 is a horizontal bar graph that shows a breakdown of New Zealand’s GHG emissions by sector in 2020. Emissions are represented in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. It shows that:
- the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector offset 30 per cent of gross emissions, with net removals of 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Agriculture sector was responsible for 50 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Energy sector was responsible for 40 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use sector was responsible for 6 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Waste sector was responsible for 4 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 3.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- Tokelau was responsible for 0.005 per cent of gross emissions, with emissions of 0.004 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
I roto i te Rārangi, e wehea ana ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga ki ngā rāngai e rima, arā:
- Ko te ahuwhenua (hei tauira, ko ngā pūnaha nakunaku kai o ngā kararehe, ko ngā whakahaumako me ngā wairākau)
- Ko te pūngao (hei tauira, ko te tūnuku ā-rori me ngā whakaputanga hiko)
- Ko ngā Tukanga Ahumahi me ngā Whakamahinga Hua (IPPU) (hei tauira, ko ngā whakaputanga konganuku me ngā whakaputanga matū, me te whakamahinga o ngā whakamātao)
- Ko ngā para (hei tauira, ko ngā ruapara)
- Ko te Whakamahinga Whenua, ko te Panonitanga Whakamahinga Whenua me te Mahinga Ngahere (LULUCF).
- E aru ana te rāngai o LULUCF i ngā haurehu kati mahana mai i te whakamahinga whenua (pēnei i te mahinga ngahere, i ngā huanga kai me ngā huanga mauti). E motuhake ana ēnei i ngā tukunga kararehe mai i ngā whakahaerenga whenua me ngā panonitanga whakamahinga whenua, waihoki koinei te rāngai kotahi e puta ake ai ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga hauhā
- Ko te rāngai o Aotearoa e kīia ana ko ‘Ētahi atu’, arā ko Tokelau.
Ko te tapeke o ngā tukunga o Aotearoa te katoa o ngā tukunga mai i te rāngai Ahuwhenua, te rāngai Pūngao, te rāngai IPPU me te rāngai Para.
Ko te tapeke more o ngā tukunga te tapeke o ngā tukunga me ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga mai i te rāngai LULUCF
Kāore a Tokelau e pūrongo i ngā tukunga LULUCF, nō reira he ōrite ngā tukunga tapeke me ngā tukunga tapeke more o Tokelau.
Hoahoa 4: Ko ngā tukunga tapeke me ngā tukunga tapeke more o Aotearoa (hei Mt CO2-e) mai i te tau 1900 ki te tau 2020
Figure 4 is a line graph that shows New Zealand’s gross and net emissions (measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) from 1990 to 2020. Gross emissions exclude the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector. Net emissions include the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector. It shows that:
- gross emissions have gradually increased from 65.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to a peak in 2006 at 82.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Since then, emissions have stayed relatively stable, with gross emissions in 2020 of 78.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- net emissions have gradually increased from 44.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 55.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
Figure 4 is a line graph that shows New Zealand’s gross and net emissions (measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) from 1990 to 2020. Gross emissions exclude the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector. Net emissions include the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector. It shows that:
- gross emissions have gradually increased from 65.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to a peak in 2006 at 82.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Since then, emissions have stayed relatively stable, with gross emissions in 2020 of 78.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- net emissions have gradually increased from 44.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 55.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
E pokea ana ngā tukunga tapeke e ngā tukunga mai i te rāngai Ahuwhenua me te rāngai Pūngao
I te tau 2020, i eke ngā tukunga tapeke haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa ki te 78.8 miriona tana o te hauhā ōrite Mt CO2-e*. E 3 ōrau te nui o tēnei whakahekenga mai i ngā tukunga o te tau 2019 i puta ake ai nā ngā whakahekenga i ngā whakamahinga kora i ngā waka haere i ngā huarahi, i ngā whakanaotanga me ngā hanganuitanga, me ngā whakahaere rererangi ā-motu nā ngā here i puta ake i te mate KOWHEORI-19.
I nui katoa te whai wāhi a te rāngai Ahuwhenua me te rāngai Pūngao ki ngā tukunga o Aotearoa i eke rā ki te 50 ōrau me te 40 ōrau o ngā tukunga tapeke i te tau 2020, i tēnā me tēnā (kei te Hoahoa 1). Ko te 15 ōrau o ngā tukunga tapeke i ahu mai i ngā tukunga tūnuku ā-rori.
Hui katoa, neke atu i te haurua o ngā tukunga tapeke mō te tah ki te CO₂-e i ahu mai i te mewaro me te hauota-rua ōkai, ko te nuinga i puta ake i ngā mahi ahuwhenua (e 44 ōrau i tēnā, 11 ōrau i tēnā). Ko ērā atu tukunga i ahu nui mai i te hauhā (e 44 ōrau) i te rāngai Pūngao me te IPPU.
Mai i te tau 1990, e 21 ōrau te pikinga o ngā tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa. Kei raro ngā wāhi e rima i ahu mai ai ēnei tukunga i nui katoa te whai wāhi atu ki tēnei pikinga, e raupapa ana i runga i te kaha o te whai wāhi:
- te moī ā-kōpiro nā te nui haere o ngā kau miraka
- whakamahinga o ngā kōhinu i ngā tūnuku ā-rori nā te nui haere o ngā waka (hauhā)
- te oneone ahuwhenua nā te nui haere o te whakamahinga o ngā whakahaumako (hauota-rua ōkai)
- te whakamahinga kora i ngā ahumahi whakanao me ngā hanganui nā te nui haere o te whakaputanga nā te tipu ā-ōhanga (hauhā)
- ngā whakamātao ā-ahumahi, ā-kāinga hoki me ngā pūnaha whāhauhau nā te nui haere o te whakamahinga o ngā whakamātao e whakamahi ana i te hauwai, te haukōwhai me te waro (arā, i ngā haurehu pūkōwhai) i whakakapi i ngā matū tūkino pekerangi.
Ka pā ngā huringa whakatō ngahere ki ngā tukunga tapeke
E whai wāhi ana ki ngā tukunga tōpū ngā tukunga tapeke tae atu ki ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga mai i te rāngai LULUCF. Whakakore ai ngā ngahere i te hauhā i te kōhauhau i te wā e tipu ana. Tuku ai hoki ngā ngahere i te hauhā kia oti te hauhake me te tua i aua ngahere, i muri mai rānei i ngā whakapōrearea māori, pēnei i te karawhiu a te āwhā. Nō reira, i mua i nui te pānga o te nui o ngā whakatōnga me ngā huringa hauhake ki te tapeke o te hauhā e whakakorea ana e ō tātou ngahere i te tau.
E whakapaetia ai ngā tukunga tapeke more, ka tātai te Manatū mō te Taiao me te Manatū Ahu Matua i te horahanga o te ngahere i Aotearoa. E ai ki ēnei whakapae, kei te takiwā o te 41,111 heketea te nui o te ngahere hou i whakatōkia, ā, e 2,506 heketea te nui o te ngahere i tuaina i te tau 2020.
I te tau 2020, e 55.4 Mt CO2-e, te tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa, i pūrongotia ai ki te UNFCC. I puta ai tēnei tātaitanga nā te tango i te 23.6 Mt CO2-e o ngā whakakorenga tukunga tapeke more i puta ake i te rāngai LULUCF mai i ngā tukunga tapeke e 78.8 Mt CO2-e. E 26 ōrau te pikinga ake o ngā tukunga tapeke ina whakatauritea ki ērā i te tau 1990.
I raro i ngā tikanga pūrongo a UNFCC, ka whakakore ngā tukunga tapeke mai i te rāngai LULUCF i tētahi 30 ōrau o ngā tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa i te tau 2020 (kei te Hoahoa 4). He iti tēnei whakahekenga mai i te tau 1990 i whakakore ai te rāngai LULUCF i tētahi 33 ōrau o ngā tukunga tapeke o Aotearoa (kei te Hoahoa 4). I puta ai tēnei panonitanga nā te pikinga o ngā tukunga tapeke i waenganui i te tau 1990 me te tau 2020.
*He Whakamārama
He ara ine te hauhā ōrite (CO2-e) hei whakataurite i ngā haurehu kati mahana rerekē i runga i ngā pānga whakamahana o ia haurehu, i runga anō i te nui o te hauhā e ōrite ana. Whakamahia ai te CO₂-e hei whakaatu i ngā tukunga mai i ngā haurehu kati mahana rerekē ki tētahi waeine kotahi, he huarahi tēnei e kotahi ai te āhua o te pūrongo me te whakataurite i ērā tukunga.
E whāia ana ngā aratohu pūrongo ā-ao, nō reira whakamahi ai te Rārangi o te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020 i ngā uara pitomata mō te whakamahana haeretanga o te ao i roto i te 100 tau mai i te Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. Tirohia tēnei Annex III of UNFCCC decision 24/CP.19.
Atu i te tau 2023, ka whakamahi te Rārangi i ngā uara pitomata whakamahana haeretanga o te ao i roto i te 100 tau mai i te pūrongo aromatawai tuarima a te IPCC i tautuhia ai i ngā aratohu mō te whakatakoto i ngā pūrongo mō ngā haurehu kati mahana i raro i te Whakaaetanga o Parī.
Hoahoa 5: Ngā tukunga tapeke o ngā haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa mai i tēnā rāngai me tēnā rāngai, atu i te rāngai LULUCF, mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020
Figure 5 is a stacked area graph that shows trends in New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2020. Emissions are represented in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
It shows:
- the emissions contribution from the Energy sector increased from 23.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020, with the most rise occurring from 1990 to 2006, after which emissions stabilise
- IPPU emissions have increased from 3.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Agriculture emissions have increased from 33.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Waste emissions have decreased from 3.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 3.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
The emissions contribution from Tokelau is too small to be included in the figure.
Figure 5 is a stacked area graph that shows trends in New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2020. Emissions are represented in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
It shows:
- the emissions contribution from the Energy sector increased from 23.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020, with the most rise occurring from 1990 to 2006, after which emissions stabilise
- IPPU emissions have increased from 3.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Agriculture emissions have increased from 33.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Waste emissions have decreased from 3.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 3.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
The emissions contribution from Tokelau is too small to be included in the figure.
Hoahoa 6: Ngā tukunga tapeke o ngā haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa: ngā panonitanga katoa i tēnā rāngai me tēnā rāngai mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020
Figure 6 is a line graph that shows the absolute change in New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 levels to 2020. The change is measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- gross emissions have increased by over 17 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2006 compared to 1990. In 2020, gross emissions were 13 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent higher than 1990 levels
- the Energy sector’s absolute change in emissions peaked from 2006 to 2008, at around 11 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent above 1990 levels. In 2020, the Energy sector was higher than 1990 emissions by around 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Agriculture sector’s absolute change in emissions peaked in 2005 and again in 2014, with an increase of around 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent from 1990 levels. In 2020, Agriculture emissions were higher than 1990 emissions by slightly under 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector’s emissions from 1990 have overall increased slightly over the time series. In 2020, the IPPU gross emissions were higher by 1 million tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent compared to 1990 emissions
- the Waste sectors’ emissions have increased by less than 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2002, and by 2020 had decreased below 1990 levels by less than 1 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent
Emissions from Tokelau are very small and have changed too little to be visible on the graph, which appears as a flat line.
Figure 6 is a line graph that shows the absolute change in New Zealand’s gross greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 levels to 2020. The change is measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- gross emissions have increased by over 17 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2006 compared to 1990. In 2020, gross emissions were 13 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent higher than 1990 levels
- the Energy sector’s absolute change in emissions peaked from 2006 to 2008, at around 11 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent above 1990 levels. In 2020, the Energy sector was higher than 1990 emissions by around 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Agriculture sector’s absolute change in emissions peaked in 2005 and again in 2014, with an increase of around 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent from 1990 levels. In 2020, Agriculture emissions were higher than 1990 emissions by slightly under 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
- the Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector’s emissions from 1990 have overall increased slightly over the time series. In 2020, the IPPU gross emissions were higher by 1 million tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent compared to 1990 emissions
- the Waste sectors’ emissions have increased by less than 1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2002, and by 2020 had decreased below 1990 levels by less than 1 million tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent
Emissions from Tokelau are very small and have changed too little to be visible on the graph, which appears as a flat line.
Hoahoa 7: Ngā tukunga haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa (i te miriona tana CO2-e): ngā ia ā-rāngai mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020
Figure 7 is a line graph that shows trends in New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2020. Emissions are measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- the emissions contribution from the Energy sector increased from 23.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- agriculture emissions have increased from 33.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Industrial Processes and Product Use emissions have increased from 3.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Waste emissions have decreased from 3.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 3.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- the emissions contribution from the Other sector (Tokelau) are very small and have changed too little to be visible on the graph, which appears as a mostly flat line
- Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry net removals gradually increased from 21.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
Figure 7 is a line graph that shows trends in New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2020. Emissions are measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- the emissions contribution from the Energy sector increased from 23.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 31.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- agriculture emissions have increased from 33.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 39.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Industrial Processes and Product Use emissions have increased from 3.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- Waste emissions have decreased from 3.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 3.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
- the emissions contribution from the Other sector (Tokelau) are very small and have changed too little to be visible on the graph, which appears as a mostly flat line
- Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry net removals gradually increased from 21.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020.
Ko te Ahuwhenua
1990–2020
I waenganui i te tau 1990 me te tau 2020, i piki ngā tukunga a te rāngai Ahumahi mā te 17 ōrau (Hoahoa 5 me te 7). Ko te take matua i pēnei ai, ko te pikinga mā te 80 ōrau o te kāhui kau miraka ā-motu nō te tau 1990, otirā, ko te pikinga o te whakamahinga o te whakahaumako hauota horihori mā tōna 693 ōrau nō te tau 1990. Kua whakakorea ēnei pikinga mā ngā hekenga o te nui o ngā hipi, ngā kau mīti me te tia mā te 55, te 15 me te 15 ōrau nō te tau 1990.
2019–2020
I te tau 2020, i paku heke ngā tukunga o te rāngai Ahumahi (mā tōna 0.2 ōrau). Ko te take matua i pēnei ai, ko te hekenga o te nui o ngā hipi, otirā, ko te hekenga hoki o te whakamahinga o te whakahaumako raima me te tiomimi. I piki ētahi atu tukunga nō puna kē, pēnei i te whakahaumako ropi-kore, me te kau mīti, miraka hoki, engari kāore ēnei pikinga i nui rawa ki te whakatau anō i te hekenga tapeke o ngā tukunga ahumahi. Kāore ngā herenga KOWHEORI-19 i whai pānga nui ki ngā tukunga o te rāngai Ahumahi i te tau 2020.
Ko te Pūngao
1990–2020
Ko ngā tukunga nā te rāngai Pūngao i piki mā te 32 ōrau i ērā o te tau 1990 (Hoahoa 5 me te 7). Ko te nuinga o tēnei i ahu mai i te tūnuku ā-rori (he pikinga tukunga o te 76 ōrau), me te whakamahinga o te koranehe mō te kai, te hiko me te whakaputanga mahana. Ka kitea i tēnei ia te piki haeretanga o ngā tukunga tae rawa ki te tau 2008, ā, nō muri mai ka āhua tau haere (Hoahoa 5 me te 7).
2019–2020
I waenganui i te tau 2019 me te tau 2020, i heke ngā tukunga o te rāngai Pūngao mā te 7 ōrau. Ko te take matua i heke ai ēnei ko ngā herenga o te KOWHEORI-19 i rongo whānuitia e te katoa o te rāngai Pūngao. Nā tēnei i kitea ai te hekenga o ngā tukunga nā te whakahaere waka me te whakahaerenga rererangi ā-motu, i piki rā mā te 1,093 kt CO2e (8 ōrau) me te 315.3 kt CO₂-e (31 ōrau). I pahawa tahi tēnei ki tētahi hekenga nā te whakanao me te hanganui o te 847.6 kt CO2-e (11 ōrau). I āhua tau anō nā ngā pikinga tukunga nā te hiko me te whakamahana.
Ko Ngā Hātepe Ahumahi me te Whakamahi Hua (IPPU)
1990–2020
Ko ngā tukunga nā te rāngai IPPU i te tau 2020 i piki mā te 29 ōrau i ērā o te tau 1990 (Hoahoa 5 me te 7). Ko te take matua i piki ai ko te whakamutu haeretanga o te whakamahinga o ngā matū tūkino pekerangi i raro i te Kawa o Montreal me te whakakapinga hoki ki te hauwai, te haukōwhai me te waro i ngā mahi whakamātao me te whakamātao hau. I piki ai hoki nā te nui o te whakamahi whakamātao hau i ngā whare me te rāngai whakamātao hau arumoni o Aotearoa. Waihoki, kua piki haere hoki ngā tukunga hauhā whakanao kohuke, matū me te konganuku nā te nui o te whakaratonga atu.
2019–2020
I waenganui i te tau 2019 me te tau 2020, i heke ai ngā tukunga a te IPPU mā te 5 ōrau. I hua ai tēnei nā tētahi hekenga nui i ngā tukunga nā te ahumahi konganuku me ētahi hekenga iti i ētahi atu wāhanga, nā ētahi katinga wāhi mahi i hua ai nā te KOWHEORI-19- me ētahi hekenga whakaputanga.
Ko te Para
1990–2020
I te tau 2020, i heke ngā tukunga o te rāngai Para mā te 17 ōrau e ai ki ngā tukunga o te tau 1990. I piki ngā tukunga ā-tau i waenganui i te tau 1990 me te tau 2002 nā te pikinga o te taupori me ngā whakahaeretanga tauhokohoko, ā, kua āta heke ināianei nō te tau 2004. Ko te take matua i heke ai ko ngā whakahounga i ngā mahi whakahaere para totoka ki ngā ruapara ā-rohe, āpaia rā i ngā mahi whakaaraara haurehu ruapara.
2019–2020
Ko te nui o ngā tukunga a te rāngai Para i te tau 2020 ko te 43.8 kt CO2-e (1 ōrau) iti iho i ērā o te tau 2019. Ko te take matua i heke ai ko te whakahekenga o ngā tukunga mewaro i te rōpū whiu para totoka, nā ngā panonitanga ki te hanganga o te para kua whiua ki ngā ruapara ā-rohe. Kāore ngā tukunga a te rāngai Para i te tau 2020 i pāngia nuitia e ngā herenga Kōwheori-19.
Ko Te Whakamahi Whenua, te Panonitanga Whakamahinga Whenua me te Mahinga Ngahere (LULUCF)
E rua ngā huarahi ki te tātai i ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga nā te rāngai LULUCF. Ko te tuatahi ka whakamahia mō te tukunga tapeke i raro i te UNFCCC. Ko te tuatahi ko tētahi pūrongo mō tētahi wāhanga o ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga e ai ki ngā tukanga pūrongo tāpiri o te te Kawa o Kyoto (KP-LULUCF). Ko te rautaki tuarua e whakamahia ana ki te haurapa i ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga o te whāinga whakaheke tukunga o Aotearoa mō te wāhanga 2013– 2020. Ka kīia tēnei whakatau tata he whāinga tukunga tapeke.
Ko te pūrongo i a LULUCF i raro iho i te UNFCCC
1990–2020
I te tau 2020, he putanga waro* te rāngai LULUCF e 23.3 miriona tana CO₂-e te nui o ngā whakakorenga tukunga tapeke. Ko ngā manei mō ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga a te LULUCF kei roto i ngā mahi hauhake me te whakarake i ngā ngahere whakanao, me ngā pāpātanga tāupe o mua o ngā whakatōnga ngahere hou.
Ko ngā whakakorenga tukunga a te rāngai LULUCF i te tau 2020 i 9.8 ōrau nui ake i ērā o te tau 1990. Ko te take matua e pēnei nei ko te pikinga o te whakaputanga o ngā huanga rākau kua oti te tua.
2019–2020
I waenganui i te tau 2019 me te tau 2020, ko ngā whakakorenga tukunga tapeke a te rāngai LULUCF i piki mā te 1 ōrau (mai i 23.0 ki te 23.3 miriona tana CO₂-e). I pēnei ai ngā whakakorenga tukunga nā te hekenga o te whakarake i ngā ngahere whakatō, ā, ko te mutunga iho ka iti iho te huringa o te whenua ngahere hei whenua pātītī. I āhua tau haere tēnei whakahekenga nā ngā whakakorenga tukunga i ngā whakanaotanga tope rākau, nā te mea i heke iho te whakanaotanga nā ngā whakatōhenehene tukatuka, whakanekeneke hoki a te mate KOWHEORI-19.
Hoahoa 8: Ko ngā tukunga tapeke haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa (ki te miriona tana CO2-e): ngā ia i te rāngai LULUCF mai i te tau 1990 ki te tau 2020 (i raro i te pūrongotanga o UNFCCC)
Figure 8 is a line graph that shows the trend in net emissions from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector from 1990 to 2020 (under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reporting) measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- net removals increased from 21.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 29.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2011.
- a sharp increase occurred between 2007 and 2008 where net removals from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector increased from 22.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2007 to 29.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2008
- from 2008 to 2020, net removals decreased from 29.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2008 to 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
Figure 8 is a line graph that shows the trend in net emissions from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector from 1990 to 2020 (under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reporting) measured in million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that:
- net removals increased from 21.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 1990 to 29.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2011.
- a sharp increase occurred between 2007 and 2008 where net removals from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector increased from 22.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2007 to 29.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2008
- from 2008 to 2020, net removals decreased from 29.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2008 to 23.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020
Ko te pūrongo LULUCF i raro i te Kawa o Kyoto*
Ahakoa i whakatau a Aotearoa kia noho te whāinga mō te tau 2020 i raro i te mana o te UNFCCC, tēnā, i te Kawa o Kyoto, i whakatau hoki mātou ki te whakamahi i ngā ture o te Kawa o Kyoto i ō mātou whakahaerenga whāinga kia mārama ai, kia hāngai ai hoki.
E pūrongotia ai te anga whakamua ki te whāinga o te tau 2020, i whakamahi mātou i te arotakenga whāinga e whakamahi noa nei i tētahi wāhanga o ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga katoa nā te rāngai LULUCF e kapi mai ana ko ngā ngahere i whakatōkia nō muri mai i te tau 1989, ko ngā panonitanga i ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga i ngā ngahere i mua mai i te tau 1990 e hua ai i ngā tukanga whakahaere ngahere, me te whakarake ngahere.*
Ka pūrongo mātou i te anga whakamua ki te whāinga o te tau 2020.
He aha ō tātou tukunga mewaro koiora?
I te tau 2019, nā te Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act i hua ai ki te ture ngā whāinga rāroto mō te tau 2050, tae atu rā ki te mewara koiora. Ko te tikanga o te mewara koiora ko ngā tukunga mewara katoa nā ngā rāngai Ahumahi me te Para (i pūrongotia ai i te Rārangi). Ko ngā whainga ā mohoa nei mō te mewara koiora ko te whakaheke tukunga mewara koiora mā te 24 ki te 47 ōrau i raro iho i ērā o te tau 2017 i mua i te tau 2050, ā, me te 10 ōrau hoki o raro iho o ērā o te tau 2017 i mua i te tau 2030.
| Ko ngā waeine katoa kei te miriona tana CO2-e e whakamahi ana i te IPCC Fourth Assessment Report’s 100-year Global Warming Potential mō te mewara (25) | 2017 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Tōpūtanga mewaro (kāore e kapi ana i te rāngai LULUCF) | 34.4 | 34.4 |
| Mewaro koiora | 33.5 | 33.5 |
| Mewaro ahuwhenua | 30.3 | 30.5 |
| Mewaro para | 3.2 | 3.0 |
*He Whakamārama
Putanga waro
Kei roto te putanga waro i ētahi tukunga, tūmahi, mīhini rānei e tango ana i tētahi GHG i te kōhauhau. He putanga waro tapeke te LULUCF nā te mea he nui ake tana whakakore i te hauhā, i tana tuku.
Te Kawa o Kyoto
He whakaaetanga ā-ao te Kawa o Kyoto e whai pānga ana ki te Kawenata ā-Anga mō te Āhuarangi Hurihuri a te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao. Kei roto ko ētahi whāinga whakaheke tukunga e here ana i ngā Pāti whenua whanake kua whakarārangitia ki te Tāpiritanga B, e ai ki te Whakahounga o Doha. Mō ētahi anō whakamāramatanga mō te Whakahounga o Doha, tirohia te pae tukutuku a te Manatū mō te Taiao e pā ana ki te Kawenata ā-Anga mō te Āhuarangi Hurihuri a te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao me Aotearoa.
Whakanehenehe
Ko te whakanehenehe ko te whakatō ngahere ki tētahi wāhi kāore i reira he ngahere i ngā tau e 50 i mua mai.
Whakangahere anō
Ko te whakangahere anō te whakatōnga anō o te ngahere ki tētahi wāhi i reira rā he ngahere i hurihia ai hei whenua hei whakamahinga kē i ngā tau e 50 kua hori. Mō te wā tuatahi, tuarua hoki i whakaūngia ai te Kawa o Kyoto (2008–2020), kua herea mai te whakangahere anō ki ētahi wāhi ngahere-kore i te 31 o Tihema 1989.
Whakangahere
Ko te whakarake he panonitanga whakamahinga whenua kia ngahere-kore (hei tauira, ko te mahi pāmu) mō tētahi wā.
Whakahaere ngahere
Ko te whakahaere ngahere ko te whakahaere i ngā ngahere i tū ai i mua i te tau 1990.
I te ao whānui he iti ō tātou tukunga, engari he nui mō ia kotahi rau pūranga
He rerekē tō Aotearoa kīwhaiaro tukunga i te nuinga o ngā whenua e 43 o ngā whenua Tāpiritanga I*. He haurua o ngā tukunga a Aotearoa ka ahu mai i te rāngai Ahumahi (50 ōrau). I te nuinga o te wā, i ngā whenua rerekē o te Tāpiritanga I, he iti noa iho te nui o tā te rāngai Ahumahi ki te tukunga tōpū (13 ōrau te toharite).
Ko te katoa o ngā raraunga tukunga i tēnei wāhanga nō te Kawenata ā-Anga mō te Āhuarangi Hurihuri a te Kotahitanga o Ngā Iwi o te Ao (UNFCCC) me te Tāhono Raraunga (2020). Ko ngā raraunga Tāpiritanga I i ēnei whakatairitenga, e kaute motuhake ana i ngā mema o te Uniana o Ūropi (EU), ā, kāore e kapi mai ana i te EU hei wāhi kotahi. Me aro te whakatairitenga ki ngā whenua Tāpiritanga I nā te mea katoa ēnei whenua ka whakamahi i ngā tikanga pūrongo haurehu kati mahana ōrite ki te pūrongo i ngā tukunga me ngā whakakorenga tukunga.
Nā te nui o ngā taumata whakanao ahumahi i Aotearoa i nui ai hoki te mewara me te hauota-rua ōkai i te tukunga tōpū. He nui ake te āheinga whakamahana haere o ēnei haurehu i te hauhā. E ai ki ngā raraunga hou o te Rārangi mō te tau 2019 mō ngā whenua Tāpiritanga 1, kei te tūranga 21 a Aotearoa mō ngā tukunga tōpū i waenganui i ngā whenua Tāpiritanga I, engari ko ngā tukunga o Aotearoa mō ia tangata i tuaono, arā, ko te rite i te 17.2 tana hauhā (CO2-e) mō ia kotahi rau pūranga (Hoahoa 9).
Ko ngā tukunga Tāpiritanga 1 hou nō te tau 2019, nō ngā rārangi i tukuna i te tau 2021. Ko te tukunga hauhā tōpū o Aotearoa i te tau 2019, ko te 7.8 tana mō ia kotahi rau pūranga, ā, tata ana tēnei ki te toharite o te Tāpiritanga I 2019, arā, ko te 7.5 tana o te CO² mō ia kotahi rau pūranga (Hoahoa 9). Ka whakaatu tēnei i te huanga nui o te hiko i Aotearoa nei mai i ngā rawa whakahou. I te tau 2020, ko te nui o te hiko i ahu mai i ngā mātāpuna rawa whakahou i Aotearoa ko te 81 ōrau.
Ko te tukunga tōpū a Aotearoa, ko tōna 0.17 ōrau o te tukunga tōpū o te ao katoa. Heoi anō, kua piki te tukunga tōpū nō te tau 1990, manohi anō i te nuinga o ngā whenua Tāpiritanga I (hei tauira, i Peretānia me Tiamana) kei raro iho ngā tukunga i ērā nō te tau 1990.
Hoahoa 9: Ko ngā whakatairitenga ā-ao mō ngā tukunga mō ia kotahi rau pūranga (ki te tana CO2-e) i te tau 2019
Figure 9 is a bar graph that compares emissions per capita for several different countries in 2019. The average for Annex 1 countries (as named by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) is compared with Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The Annex and each country show two bars which represent carbon dioxide only per capita and emissions of all gases per capita. Emissions are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.
In particular, it shows that in 2019:
- Annex 1 countries on average had 7.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide per capita, and 9.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita
- Australia had 16.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita, and 21.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita
- Japan had 8.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita, and 9.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita
- New Zealand had 7.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita, and 17.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita.
- the United Kingdom had 5.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita, and 6.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita
- the United States of America had 16.0 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per capita, and 19.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent of all gases per capita.
Ko tā Aotearoa anga whakamua ki te whāinga ā-ao 2020 i raro i te UNFCCC
Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga o te Rārangi ki te aroturuki i te whanaketanga ki te whāinga whakaheke tukunga ā-ao mō te wāhanga 2013–2020 i raro iho i te UNFCCC, ki te whakaheke i ngā haurehu kati mahana mā te 5 ōrau i raro iho i ngā taumata tōpū o te tau 1990.
Ka tukuna e Aotearoa tāna pūronga mō tana anga whakamua ki te whāinga mō 2020 i tāna pūrongo taurua ka tukuna ki te UNFCCC ā te Tīhema o te tau 2022.
Ko te anga whakamua ki tō Aotearoa whāinga o te tau 2020 e kapi ana i roto i te Pūrongo Tūranga Tōpū a te Mānatū mō te Taiao, ka whakahōungia ka puta ana he Rārangi hou.
Ko tā Aotearoa anga whakamua i roto i te Whakataunga ā-Motu mō ngā Whai Wāhitanga (NDCs) i raro i te Whakaaetanga o Parī
Ka tīmata a Aotearoa ki te pūrongo i te anga whakamua i roto tana whai wāhitanga tuatahi ki te Whakataunga ā-Motu mō ngā Whai Wāhitanga (NDC) mō waenga i te tau 2021 ki te tau 2030 me tana pūrongo e pā ana ki te Rārangi i te Āperira 2023 (koinei te pūrongo Rārangi tuatahi kei roto ko ngā raraunga o te wāhanga NDC), tahi ki tāna pūrongo pūataata taurua tuatahi ka tukuna ki te UNFCCC i mua i te Tīhema 2024.
*He Whakamārama
Ko te Tāpiritanga I ki te UNFCCC e whakarārangi mai ana i ngā whenua ahumahi i noho ai hei mema ki te Whakahaere mō te Whanaketanga me te Pāhekoheko ā-Ōhanga me ngā whenua he ōhanga e huri ana i te tau 1992 (te tau i whakaaetia ai te UNFCCC ). Ko ngā whenua e rārāngi mai ana i te Tāpiritanga I e whai Hoanga ana ki te UNFCCC me auau te pūrongo mō te raraunga āhuarangi, ngā kaupapa here me ngā inenga, tae atu rā (i ngā wāhi e tika ana) ki ngā kaupapa e whakahaerehia ana e te Kawa o Kyoto.
Ko Te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana te mātāpuna mōhiohio e ōkawa ana mō ngā raraunga tukunga haurehu kati mahana o Aotearoa.
Kia whānui ake ai tō ako mō tā Aotearoa pūrongo, ine hoki i tā mātou anga whakamua ki ā mātou whāinga me ētahi atu pūrongo tukunga, tirohia tā mātou whārangi ipurangi mō ngā whāinga whakaheke tukunga o Aotearoa.
Ko ētahi atu mātāpuna raraunga i ahu mai i Te Rārangi mō ngā take rāroto ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
- tā te Manatū tuhinga Te Ine Tukunga: He kupu āwhina mō ngā whakahaere Ngā tukunga ā-ahumahi, ā-whare hoki
Ā Tatauranga Aotearoa hua tukunga:
Ko te whakaputanga hou o te Rārangi
Ka whakaputaina anō Te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana mō te tau 1990 ki te 2021 ā te 15 o Āperira ā te tau 2023.
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Te Rārangi Haurehu Kati Mahana a Aotearoa 1990-2020 He whakarāpopoto
April 2022
© Ministry for the Environment