Appendix 2: Outbreaks of Water-borne Disease in New Zealand

Towns

• Queenstown, 1984: New Zealand’s largest recorded water-borne disease outbreak, affecting 3500 people (Thorstensen, 1985, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Ashburton, 1986: 19 cases of campylobacteriosis (Briesman, MA, 1987 cited in Taylor and Ball 2005).

• Whangarei, 1990: increased incidence of giardiasis in that part of the city with unfiltered water (Sloan, 1990, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Havelock North, 1991: 12 cases of campylobacteriosis (suspected from water).

• Dunedin, 1991: a study found that drinking unfiltered water significantly increased the risk of giardiasis (Fraser and Cooke, 1991, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Waimate, 1992: campylobacteriosis, increased use of anti-diarrhoeal medication, absence from kindergarten.

• Auckland, 1993: 34 cases of giardiasis.

• Lyttelton, 1994: one case of Aeromonas (hospitalised with gastroenteritis).

• Fairlie, 1994: six cases of campylobacteriosis.

• Tauranga, 1995: one notification of cryptosporidiosis at a school.

• Ashburton, 1996: 33 cases of campylobacteriosis.

• Buller District (Denniston), 1996: four cases of giardiasis.

• Waikato (Ohinemuri, Morrinsville), 1996/97: 14 cases of giardiasis.

• Peketa (Kaikoura District) 1996: three cases of giardiasis.

• Waikato, 1997: 170 cases of cryptosporidiosis.

• Masterton, 2003: Cryptosporidium detected in water supply, but few cases of disease.

Camps, schools, etc

• Lake Hawea, 1989: camp ground, one case of salmonellosis.

• Canterbury, 1990: camp, 42 cases of campylobacteriosis (Stehr-Green et al, 1991, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Northland, 1992: tangi, 30 cases of hepatitis A (Calder and Collision, 1992, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Northland, 1992: camp, 14 cases of campylobacteriosis (Jarman and Henneveld, 1993, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Hawke’s Bay, 1992: camp, 97 cases of campylobacteriosis.

• Raurimu, 1994: private supply, 16 cases of campylobacteriosis.

• Northland, 1995: camp, 34 cases of salmonellosis.

• Hutt Valley, 1995, camp, 100 cases of gastroenteritis .

• Mt Hutt skifield, 1996: 36+ cases of gastroenteritis (five confirmed cases of norovirus).

• Mt Arthur Hut, 1996: six cases of gastroenteritis.

• Roof water tank: salmonellosis in four family members (Simmons and Smith, 1997, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Wainui, Akaroa Peninsula, 1997: 67 cases of campylobacteriosis (Bohmer, 1997, cited in Taylor and Ball, 2005).

• Hawke’s Bay, 2001: 95-185 people with campylobacteriosis at a boarding school.